The shaheen falcon (Falco peregrinus peregrinator) is a non-migratory subspecies of the peregrine falcon found mainly in the Indian subcontinent. black shaheen, Indian shaheen and the word shaheen in these names may also be spelled as shahin. This species was termed as the black shaheen by falconers to separate it from the true shaheen of Persian literature. Scholars of Persian and the Russian ornithologist Dementiev have noted that the name shaheen in Persian literature actually referred to Falco peregrinus babylonicus which occurs in the region where it is held significant unlike this species which occurs only in India, mostly breeding in the peninsula and further east.

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